The Privacy and Trust for Wireless Network Security

The Privacy and Trust for Wireless Network Security Abstract Wireless sensor networks are limited in resources to accommodate traditional complex security solutions. The limitations and lack of a secure framework for the WSN makes the networks nodes vulnerable to attacks from a hostile network.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Privacy and Trust for Wireless Network Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attacks such as to DoS attacks, eavesdropping, message tempering, sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks exploit the security holes in the network compromising the integrity of the network. The proposed project is to design a completely secure wireless sensor network by integrating appropriate security solutions to each node in the network using triple key management techniques security solutions. Among the techniques include integrating a random key pre-distribution technique which functions on a probabilistic model to create a secure connection between nodes. The limitation with this technique can be overcome by is to integrating multiple security solutions to overcome the disadvantage of limited key storage space. Additional techniques integrated into the security solution include the master key based scheme which functions on a symmetric key, and a hierarchical key based scheme, which enables each of the nodes in the network to generate cryptographic keys for key authentication purposes. A complete security solution is based on a triple key management technique for a complete and secure network communication.Advertising Looking for proposal on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction Nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) have high threat and risk exposures from external sources because the nodes are resource staffed, and cannot accommodate the use of secure traditional network security solutions (Undercoffer, Ayancha, Joshi, Pinkston 2004, p. 2 60). Limited resources include memory constrains, limited computational capabilities, low energy storage capabilities, low data bandwidth, and limited transmission ranges (Hancke Leuschner 2007, p.45). That makes WSNs vulnerable to DoS attacks, eavesdropping, message tempering, sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks leading to loss of privacy and security. The traditional data encryption techniques and complex algorithms cannot be applied, compelling the use of a multi-level protocol security framework desirable (Poornima Amberker 2009, p. 5-17; Sharma, Ghosh Ghose 2010, p.50; Perrig, Szewczyk, Wen, Culler Tygar 2011, p.96). To achieve complete security solutions to enforce network privacy, this paper proposes an integrated security solution at each node in the wireless sensor network by focusing on the network and link layers (Ibriq Mahgoub 2007, p.211; Biradar Patil, 2011, p.15). Problem Statement A complete security solution can be designed into Wireless sensor networks (WSN ) which are vulnerable to attacks because traditional network solutions cannot be accommodated by the resource limited nodes. Aim The aim of this project is to design and implement a completely secure wireless sensor network into each node of the wireless sensor network.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Privacy and Trust for Wireless Network Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Objectives To implement security into each node of the wireless sensor network based on a secure routing protocol. Integrate the concept of secure key management To integrate the security solution based on a Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing protocol (SHARP). Expectations The outcome of the project is to attain a completely secure wireless sensor network (WSN) with hierarchically linked nodes in a cluster topology using a â€Å"Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol-SHARP† protocol. Significance of the Study The sign ificance of this project is to provide complete security solutions to multiple nodes that are interconnected in a wireless sensor network to enforce privacy and ensure data integrity, availability, and confidentiality in the transmission, at minimum power consumption. Wireless networks are vulnerable to sinkholes attacks, eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and message tampering, in addition to undiscovered dynamically evolving attacks. This project provides a security solution to the WSN to enforce system integrity. Theoretical Framework The basis of the theoretical framework is the graph theory where the vertices of the WSN are represented by the sensors and nodes and the edges represent wireless channels to solve the common graph routing problems (Kaplantzis 2006, p. 19). Literature Review A secure WSN enforces data integrity through cryptographic schemes using secure key management techniques integrated into the security architecture of the wireless network. Some of the ke y management techniques security based solutions include random key pre-distribution technique that relies on probabilistic model to establish connection between nodes in a network (Du, Xiao, Guizani Chen, 2007, p.25). The disadvantage is a lot of space for storing a large number of keys. The master key based scheme functions on symmetric key, but with a key distribution problem, leading to pre-deployment overheads and non-scalability. The hierarchical key based scheme, enables any node to generate cryptographic key for node authentication (Gautam, Lee, Pyun, Jae-Young 2009, p. 120).Advertising Looking for proposal on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The scheme enables sensor nodes to detect compromised nodes in the network, which is then disallowed to participate in the network. Here, the security solution for single node relies on key deployment, authentication, and encryption, secure pre-key distribution mechanism consolidated into a triple key management security solution, using a base station to divide the network into sectors and tracks (Zhou, Fang Zhang, 2008, p12; Zia Zomaya 2006, p.11). Methodology The project will be started by analyzing the literature on random key distribution and management schemes, WSN secure routing protocols, secure key management schemes, and the use of SHARP to design and implement a secure wireless sensor network (Anurag, Rathor, Biradar Ghose 2010, p.580). A network diagram will be drawn detailing network clusters, the base station, and the nodes. Vulnerabilities, threats, and responsibility of each cluster and nodes and the security solutions in the design phases will be assessed. The pro ject output will demonstrate the attainment of node to node, node to cluster, node to cluster head, node to base station, node to routing cluster head, and data cluster heads secure communication (Boyle Newe 2008, p.67). Project Plan Project plan Details Project purpose Design a completely secure wireless sensor network. Project objectives Identify and align with project goals Related Literature Identify and analyze wireless sensor network related literature. Roles and responsibilities (Student) Identify tools and technologies Design network Implement Assumptions Develop assumptions Deployment Deploy Project timeline Weeks Plan Explaining Project purpose Setting Aims and Objectives Revision Literature Review Identify tools and technologies Network design Implementation testing Report (Presentation) 1 + + 2 + + 3 + 4 + + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + References Anurag, K S, Rathor, S. Biradar, S R Ghose M K 2010, ‘Power-efficient Routing Increased Yield Approach for WSNs ‘,Varshney, P K 2006International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE),vol. 02, no. 03, pp. 586-592. Biradar, R V Patil, V C 2011, Special Issue on Ubiquitous Computing Security Systemsâ€â€", UbiCC Journal, vol. 4, no.1, pp.15. Boyle, D Newe,† T 2008, ‘Securing Wireless Sensor Networks: security Architectures’, Journal of Networks, vol 3,no. 1, pp 65-77. Du, W, Deng, J, Han, Y S , A key predistribution scheme for sensor networks using deployment knowledge, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 3, issue 1, pp.62-77. Du, X, Xiao, Y Guizani,M Chen, HH 2007 â€Å"Effective key management for sensor networks, an effective key management scheme for heterogeneous sensor networks†, Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 24-34. Gautam, N, Lee, W, Pyun, Jae-Young 2009, Track-Sector Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, International Conference on Computer and Information Technology cit, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.116-121. Hancke, G P Leuschner, CJ 2007, SEER : a simple energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networksâ€â€", South African Computer Journal, vol. 39, pp. 45. Ibriq, J Mahgoub, I 2007, ‘A Hierarchical Key Establishment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks’. 21st International Conference on Advanced Networking and Applications, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 210-219. Kaplantzis, S 2006, Security Models for Wireless Sensor Networks. Web. Perrig, A, Szewczyk, R, Wen,V, Culler, D Tygar, J D 2011, Spins: Security protocols for sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 8:521 – 534, 2002. International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 96. Poornima, A S Amberker, B B 2009, ‘Key Management Schemes for Secure Communication in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks†, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, vol 1, no. 1, pp. 5-17. Sharma,K, Ghosh, S K Ghose, M K. 2010, ‘Establishing an Integrated Secure Wireless Sensor Network System: A New Approach’, International Journal of Next Generation Networks ( IJNGN), vol. 1, no. 1, pp.12-60. Undercoffer, J, Ayancha, S, Joshi, A., Pinkston, J 2004, ‘Security for Wireless Sensor Networks’, Wireless Sensor Networks, Kluwer Academic Publishers Norwell, USA, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 253- 275. Zia, T.A Zomaya, AY 2006, ‘A Secure Triple-Key Management Scheme for wireless sensor networks’, in the proceedings of INFOCOM 2006 ,25th IEEE, International Conference on Communications, Barcelona,vol. 1, no.1, pp1-2 ,23-29. Zhou, Y, Fang, Y Zhang, Y 2008, ‘A survey of Securing Wireless Sensor network’. IEEE communication surveys, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 6-28.

How to Avoid the Biggest Workplace Distraction

How to Avoid the Biggest Workplace Distraction So many hours in a day, but never enough time to get things done†¦ or so it seems. In reality, the hours that comprise a workday are often plenty of time to complete your tasks. According to CareerBuilder, 4 of the top 5 productivity killers at work are tech-based: email, texting, Internet surfing, and social media. Little moments here and there of checking your phone or browsing on Twitter can add up to hours of wasted time. Your first step? Take one week to carefully log how you spend each and every moment of your day. Then, add up your non-work-related tech time. You might be surprised at how it’s eating away from your work day.Next, aim to cut back. Put your phone on silent or â€Å"Do Not Disturb† mode, only allowing emergency contacts to reach you during work hours. Then, divert yourself from the call of social media. When you find yourself loading up Facebook or Instagram, walk away. Take a super-quick walk around the office to clear your mind and get back o n track. When you sit back down, it’s back to work you go.Of course, most workplaces do come with a barrage of email you are obligated to tackle. Set aside 10 minutes every hour to do nothing but read, sort, and answer email. Unless it’s urgent, don’t answer or read your email until then–focus on completing tasks instead.A combination of poor time management and electronic distraction often suck up your time until you’re left with a pile of uncompleted work. Figure out where your time is going and transform wasted hours into productivity.Your Top 10 Productivity Killers And How To Fix ThemRead More at Fast Company

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for European Pressure Reactor Research Proposal

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for European Pressure Reactor (EPR) - Research Proposal Example From the assessment, it can be noted that the scope for the assessment included the external and internal hazards, sources of radioactivity, and operating states. Additionally, probabilistic safety assessment is a good design representation describer in the reactor submissions and there is evidence that informs the design development. The paper will present the outcomes of the assessment European Pressure Reactor. The assessment got its evidence from Submission Master List2. The approach was conducted to evaluate the principal submission and then took the evaluation of the pertinent documentation gotten from Submission Master List on basis of samples according to the Business Management System. The assessment principle was used as a foundation for the assessment. Finally, the assessment goal is to arrive an informed and independent judgment on the case of nuclear safety. During the assessment process various technical queries and regulatory observations was issued and feedback made by the AREVA and EDF assessed. Various items were agreed by the AREVA but regarded outside the timeline therefore, left out during the assessment.3 The assessment plan within the ND (Nuclear Directorate) was carried out in reference to the document of Business Management System. The document outline the assessment process within the Nuclear Directorate and highlights the process linked with case documentation of safety sampling. SAPs are used as a foundation for assessing PSA that is associated with EPR design. Ultimately, the aim of the assessment is to reach an informed and independent decision. The main criteria and standard used include the Safety Assessment Principles and the Numerical Targets that are pertinent to the document4. The evidence of the research will be interpreted and evaluated as an in depth implementation of the techniques and approaches and the parameters and data used in quantifying

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example Scientists predicted that the average temperatures to be experienced in the U.S. could increase by 3 to 9 degrees by the end of the century if global warming is not reduced (Simpson, 2008). Causes of Global Warming Global warming is caused when carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases pile up in the atmosphere like a thick blanket, traps the sun's heat and cause the planet to warm up. Naturally, global warming is caused by the release of methane gas from the arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane being a green house gas, traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere. On the other hand, the man-made causes include air pollution and overpopulation population. Burning of fossil fuels causes pollution in the earth’s atmosphere. Silver (2008) states that coal and oil, are examples of fossil fuels that cause air pollution. When these fuels are burnt, they emit carbon dioxide, which is a green house gas. In addition, during the mining of coal or oil, methane is also dug out as i t is naturally in the ground. High human and animal populations naturally imply the need for more food and transport. Because of these two, more fossil fuels are used which means that more greenhouse gases are released in the atmosphere. With a high population, more agricultural activities are done with the aim of increasing the food supply to the growing population. Methane is produced by manure, which is mainly used in agriculture. The increasing populations also use more cars implying an increase in the use of fuels and resultant pollution. According to Silver (2008), carbon dioxide contributes to global warming. The rising level of carbon dioxide from animals’ breaths worsens the situation. Also, Humans are destroying forests without planting more trees. Trees are valuable in the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen. The trend is worsening the global warming experienced in the earth. Global warming cause for serious concern The Union of Concerned Scientists (2010) concl uded that these effects can cause serious destructions. The effects include reduced snow accumulation due to melting glaciers, severe droughts causing more deaths and water shortage, rising sea levels leading to coastal flooding. A warmer temperature in the sea causes stronger hurricanes, which cause serious damage of property in Southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The wild fires experiences may lead to more loss of trees in the environment. Some plant destruction may lead to the extinction of some animal species because of the global warming. Warmer temperatures causing bad things to happen The increased heat and the warm condition are causing many damages in different parts of the world today. Simpson (2008) notes that the hotter conditions are causing a rise in the water levels in the sea. The melting of glaciers and ice in Antarctica and the greensands is causing the rise. The snow accumulation has reduced and the winter season are taking shorter time. Due to the rise in wate r levels, hurricanes and floods have been experienced by different countries. The extreme heat condition has also caused deaths in India and Europe. Wildfires have also been experienced in some states in America, and floods have caused a lot of damage to property and peoples lives. Global warming and hurricanes The strength of hurricanes is increased by global warming. The hurricanes are getting stronger and dangerous than before. The warm oceans and tropical storms make the hurricane become more powerful than it used to be. The change in

Music, Technology and Society :: Music Technology Society

Music and the relationships of music have changed drastically in our society. The course of studies and the evaluations of the applications of the technology of music, the making and the listening of music have changed in the way we listen to music, the styles of music in our society and in the media. The importance of the technology in music today, has, over the past century been charted through the study of musical examples and through viewing how human values are reflected in this century's timely music. There are very many different types of music that are listened to. There are readings, writings, lectures and discussions on all the different types of music. Music is found in every know culture, past and present. It is also, already being composed for the future. It is widely varied between all times and places. Since scientists believe that the modern humans arrived in the African culture more than 160,000 years ago, around 50,000 years ago, it is believed that the dispersal of music has been being developed between all cultures in the world. Even the most isolated tribal groups are thought to have had a form of music. It has been scientists' belief that music must have been present in the ancestral population prior to the dispersal of humans around the world. Therefore it is believed that music must have been in existence for at least 50,000 years, with the first music being invented in Africa and then evolving into becoming a fundamental constituent of human life. Any culture of music is influenced by the aspect of their culture, including their social and economic organization, climate, and access to technology. People express their emotions and ideas through their music. Music expresses the situations and how music is listened to and played. The attitude towards music players and composers varies between regions and periods of history. Music history" is the distinct subfield of musicology and history which studies music (particularly western art music) from a chronological perspective. ("History of Music") The first music era know to man was the "Prehistoric Music." This was quite possibly influenced by birds singing and other animal sounds as they were communicating with each other. It was developed with the backdrop of natural sounds. Some evolutionary biologists have theorized that the ability to recognize sounds not created by humans as "musical" provides a selective advantage.

King Louis Xiv of France

Absolute monarchs had a significant impact on European history and the way their nation lives today. Absolute monarchs had control over political, social and religious aspects of their nation’s life. Absolute monarch had a positive and negative effect on society and European history. From 1550 to 1800 was a time known as the Age of Absolute Monarchs. The Age of Absolute Monarchs was a period of European history when monarch had total control over laws and the power of their nation.Some well know absolute monarchs during this time period are Phillip II, Maria Theresa, King John, and Peter the Grate. An absolute monarch is a king or queen who has total control over all aspects of society. Another absolute monarch is Louis XIV. Louis XIV was born on September 5, 1638 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He stated to ruling at only age 13 and was also engaged in the Franco-Spanish war. When he was 22 he got married to Maria-Theresa which helped him become the most powerful monarch in Europe. During the first 20 years of Louis XIV ruling he make many contributions and achievements. Some contributions he made is that he helped build up Frances military and invaded the Spanish Netherlands . He also helped promote art such as , music, architecture, painting, and sculpture. and managed to reduce Frances taxes. Louis XIV also help stabilized France by building up its power. Louis XIV also had some negatives effects on France. One negative impact he had on France is that he lead France into debt.He also demanded that the nation convert to catholic or else he would leave France. A positive effect is that Louis the Great had was that he reduced France’s taxes and had a major impact on the arts. Absolute monarchs had a significant impact on European society. Their total control over their nation allowed them to make positive and negative choices that effect the way their nation lives today. The paragraphs above show how Louis XIV contributed to European history.

Evolution Of The Modern Day Human Essay - 1845 Words

The modern day human has not existed for very long, in fact its one of the recent species to populate the Earth. Before modern day humans or Homo sapiens sapiens as we are scientifically known as, existed a similar yet less developed Homo genus named Homo erectus/ Homo ergaster. Evidence of these species dates back to over 1.9 million years ago and up to as recently as 70,000 years ago in which the evidence can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia. In this essay I will firstly provide a general timeline, providing key dates and phases of evolution. I will then discuss my findings from the research I have collected as well as information provided by expert insights and discoveries. I will explain the cause for the expansion from Africa to Europe and Asia and lastly I will elaborate on the established branches of Homo erectus and how the different Homo genus came to exist. Timeline The Homo genus dates back almost three million years. 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